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LANGUAGE TESTING 1
CHAPTER I
BACKGROUND
A. Definition Language Test
According Arikunto (cited Iskandarwassid and Dada,
2008:179-180), the test is a tool or a systematic and objective procedures to
obtain data or necessary information about the desired person, in a way that
can be said precisely and quickly. Furthermore, according to Nurkancana, the
test is a way to conduct assessments in the form of a task or series of tasks
to be done by a child or a group of children so as to produce a value on the
child's behavior or performance, which was achieved compared with the value of
other children or with the established standards. There are many types of tests
namely sound of language, listening ability test, speaking ability test,
reading ability test, writing ability test, pronounce test, grammar test,
vocabulary test, dictation and cloze test.
But in this paper, we only explain three kinds of test; they
are sound of language, writing test, and cloze test.
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
3.1 Sound of Language
Test
According to Djiwandono
(2008:12), sound of language test is a tool or procedure that used in conduct to
assessment and evaluation toward language ability with conduct measurement to
language ability, namely listening, speaking, reading and writing generally.
3.1.1 Recognized the sound of
language Test
This
kind of test aimed to promote students able to recognized the sound or
pronounce of each words. The example question below can be used for junior high
school or senior high school level. It is based on the words that choose to be
option in each question. The words that used have to base on their level.
1. Pronounce
the words below!
a) Compare c) careful
b) Dress d)
Blood
3.1.2
Example
of Comparing the sound of language Test
This
test aimed to make students able to compare the pronunciation of nearly similar
sound words. The option of words was use the words that almost similar in
pronounce. The question below suitable for senior high school, because they
might ever hear or teach the words like example words below.
1. Look
at to each word below, and read carefully.
a) Wind-
Mind b) grand- grant
c)
corpse-corps, d)
horse-worse
3.1.3 Test to pronounce the sound
of language
This test aimed to make students able
pronounces the words based on the phonological way. The example questions below
are suitable both for junior high school level or senior high school, if the
teacher had been teach them about the phonological rule in pronounce of words.
It is appropriate if the teacher taught about appropriate pronunciation since
in junior high school level, as their background before enter into the higher
level.
1. Pronounce the sound of each vowel below!
3.1.3
Test
to pronounce the words
Pronounce
the word is a simple test to observe the students how they pronounce the
example words that given. The optional words can be determined to use the
difficult or easy word based on the level of education.
Read the words below:
Collude
Mobile
Compose
Prosecute
Beehive
3.1.5 Test to pronounce the words
pair.
1.
Example of reading the pair words test!
a) Beard-heard
b) lord
-word
c) bleak-streak
d) wind-mind
e) mallet-chalet
3.1.6 Test to pronounce the
sentence.
1.
Example of reading the sentence test
1) Blood
and flood are not like food
2) Nor
is mould like should and would
3) Nor
does fury sound like bury
3.1.7 Reading text Test
This
test asks students to read a text or passage that given by the teacher. This
test can be used in junior high school or senior high school but the teacher
have to concern the knowledge level of students. for example:
1. Read
aloud text below!
Plot is a literary term defined as the
events that make up a story, particularly as they relate to one another in a
pattern, in a sequence, through cause and effect, or by coincidence. One is
generally interested in how well this pattern of events accomplishes some
artistic or emotional effect. An intricate, complicated plot is called an
imbroglio, but even the simplest statements of plot may include multiple
inferences, as in traditional ballads.
3.2
Writing
Test
Writing test is a test
which is the question and answers that given to student in written form. The
instrument of arrangement in writing assessment should consider some matter,
such as:
1. Material; the suitability between
questions, basic competence, and achievement indicator.
2. Construction; the question
formulation should be clear and distinct.
3. Language; the formulation of
question doesn’t use word or sentence that cause multiple interpretation.
4. Rules of writing; it should concern
on the standard rules of question from various form of assessment question.
3.2.1 Describe picture test
This
test can be used each level, but the teacher might used the picture that
suitable for their level. For example in elementary level the teacher has to
use the clear and interesting picture.
1.
Look at the picture carefully, and describe
the picture with your own words.
3.2.2 Summary Test
This
test asks the students to make summary of a passage that teacher given. The
teacher can limit how many words or paragraph that can be written by the
students. for example:
1. Read
the text below and summarized maximum 100 words.
Effects of Watching Too Much TV
Discoveries and invention of devices are always
welcome till we, humans, find a way to abuse its benefits and be adversely
affected by it. This was the case when Wilhelm Roentgen discovered x-ray and within five years, the British Army was using a mobile x-ray
unit to locate bullets and shrapnel in wounded soldiers in the Sudan. TV
was also` invented with positive
thoughts in mind – there would be no national borders, education and
communication would be worldwide, etc. However, we are now trying to overcome
its physiological and psychological adverse effects on human beings.
One of the physiological effects of watching TV in excessive
amounts is eye-strain. It is true that there are specifications for watching
TV; TV should be 5 m. away from the eye, the room should be adequately lit, TV
should be placed at the same height with our eyes, etc. However, these do not
prevent our eyes from getting tired if we keep watching TV for a long time.
Another effect is obesity, which is widely observed in people who like watching
TV and eating snacks everyday (there is even a term “TV snacks” to refer
to fast food that is suitable for eating in front of the TV). TV is such a
powerful machine that people cannot get away from it – it is
addictive.
Apart from the physiological effects, TV also causes
psychological effects. One is a result of being exposed to violence. After
seeing so many violent scenes on TV, people start considering violent actions
normal and they lose their sensitivity to their environment. Partly connected
to this effect, the interpersonal communication among people decreases. Being
insensitive to the suffering of other people causes people to become alienated.
Also, after coming home from work people seek to relax in front of the TV, and
generally people prefer watching TV to talking to each other. This issue is
very important since lack of interpersonal relationships mostly end with
divorces.
Shortly, inventions are meant to be beneficial for human
beings, if we know how to benefit from them. TV is one of such inventions that
need to be used for the right purpose only – being educated and entertained or
a reasonable (according to age) period of time. We may, then, be safe from or
at least reduce the adverse physiological and psychological effects
of watching too much TV.
3.7.3
Free
Writing Test
This
test promotes students to able writing any passage freely. Here the teacher can
ask the students to write down their experience or something like that. Each
can be use in junior high school or senior high school level.
1. Write
down your daily activities or your experience last week. You can write maximal
5 paragraphs.
3.8
Cloze
Test
Cloze
test is an exercise, test or assessment that consists of a portion of text with
certain words removed (cloze text), where the participant is asked to replace
the missing words. Cloze test require the ability to understand context and
vocabulary in order to identify the correct words or type of words that belong
in deleted passages of a text. For example:
1.
Example of cloze test:
1.Site activity
information. We keep {1}______ of some of the actions {2}______ take on
Facebook, such as {3}______ connections (including joining a group {4}______
adding a friend), creating a {5}______ album, sending a gift, poking {6}______
user, indicating you “like” a {7}______, attending an event, or connecting
{8}______ an application. In some cases {9}______ are also taking an action
{10}______ you provide information or content {11}______ us. For example, if
you {12}______ a video, in addition to {13}______ the actual content you
uploaded, {14}______ might log the fact that {15}______ shared it.
{1} track {2} you {3} adding {4}
or {5} photo {6} another {7} post {8} with {9} you {10} when 11} to {12} share {13}
storing {14} we {15} you.
Language Testing Assignment
The Types of Language Testing
Compiled
by 1st Group
SUYANTI
A1D2
09 080
SITI
FINARTIN
A1D2
09 088
NURUL
AZIZAH
A1D2
09 090
HIMAYA
A1D2
08 094
English
Department
Teacher
Training and Educational Faculty
Haluoleo
University
Kendari
2012
References